Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is usually asymptomatic, and its diagnosis depends on laboratory tests, with emphasis on serum creatinine and proteinuria. Objective: To assess knowledge on the role of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function in a sample of the Brazilian population. Method: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in São Paulo (SP, Brazil), in which a random adult population was interviewed. Results: A total of 1138 subjects were interviewed, with a median age of 36 years old (27–52); 55.1% were female. Regarding the “creatinine” biomarker, 40.6% stated they had never performed such a test. When asked about their knowledge on the usefulness of this exam, only 19.6% knew its function. The other responses were “I don’t know” (71.6%), evaluating heart function (0.9%) and liver function (7.8%). Of those who reported they had already taken a creatinine test, only 29.4% correctly identified the role of creatinine. When dividing the groups into “knows” and “does not know” the function of creatinine, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed regarding level of education, female sex, being a healthcare student/worker, having ever measured creatinine, knowing someone with kidney disease and older age. In the multivariate analysis, the main variable related to knowing the creatinine role was having previously taken the test (OR 5.16; 95% CI 3.16–8.43, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant lack of knowledge about creatinine and its use in checkups. The results indicate that greater efforts are needed from healthcare professionals to raise awareness on the role of serum creatinine.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica costuma ser assintomática e seu diagnóstico depende da realização de exames laboratoriais, com destaque para a creatinina sérica e pesquisa de proteinúria. Objetivo: Avaliar em uma amostra da população brasileira o conhecimento sobre o papel da creatinina sérica como marcador de função renal. Método: Estudo observacional transversal realizado na cidade de São Paulo (SP, Brasil), em que foi entrevistada uma população adulta aleatória. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 1138 indivíduos, com idade mediana de 36 anos (27–52); 55,1% do sexo feminino. Com relação ao marcador “creatinina”, 40,6% afirmaram que nunca realizaram tal dosagem. Quando questionados quanto ao conhecimento sobre a utilidade desse exame, somente 19,6% sabiam a sua função. As outras respostas foram “não sei” (71,6%), avaliar o funcionamento do coração (0,9%) e fígado (7,8%). Dos que afirmaram já terem realizado o exame de creatinina, somente 29,4% acertaram a função da creatinina. Ao dividir os grupos em “sabe” e “não sabe” a função da creatinina, percebeu-se diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) em relação ao grau de escolaridade, sexo feminino, ser aluno/trabalhador da saúde, ter dosado creatinina alguma vez, conhecer alguém com doença renal e maior idade. Na análise multivariada, a principal variável relacionada com conhecer a função da creatinina foi ter realizado o exame anteriormente (OR 5,16; IC 95% 3,16–8,43, p < 0,001). Conclusão: Há grande desconhecimento sobre a creatinina e seu uso em check-ups. Os resultados indicam que é necessário maior esforço por parte dos profissionais de saúde para divulgar o papel da creatinina sérica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To define a reference chart comparing pressure drop vs. flow generated by a set of arterial cannulae currently utilized in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions in pediatric surgery. Methods: Cannulae from two manufacturers were selected considering their design and outer and inner diameters. Cannula performance was evaluated in terms of pressure drop vs. flow during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. The experimental circuits consisted of a Jostra HL-20 roller pump, a Quadrox-i pediatric oxygenator (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer’s solution only (first condition) and with human packed red blood cells added (second condition) to achieve a hematocrit of 30%. Cannula sizes 8 to 16 Fr were inserted into the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit with a “Y” connector. The flow was adjusted in 100 ml/min increments within typical flow ranges for each cannula. Pre-cannula and post-cannula pressures were measured to calculate the pressure drop. Results: Utilizing a pressure drop limit of 100 mmHg, our results suggest a recommended flow limit of 500, 900, 1400, 2600, and 3100 mL/min for Braile arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, respectively. For Medtronic DLP arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, the recommended flow limit is 600, 1100, 1700, 2700, and 3300 mL/min, respectively. Conclusion: This study reinforces discrepancies in pressure drop between cannulae of the same diameter supplied by different manufacturers and the importance of independent translational research to evaluate components’ performance.

Resumen El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio y edición de una anónima descripción de finales del siglo XVIII, sobre la estructura e imágenes del retablo mayor del monasterio de San Jerónimo de Granada, una de las obras emblemáticas de la escultura andaluza en el paso del Renacimiento al Barroco. El documento mencionado se relaciona con la publicación en 1800 del Diccionario de artistas de Ceán Bermúdez, ya que se utilizó como fuente de información al respecto, a solicitud del pintor granadino Fernando Marín Chaves, director de la Escuela de las Nobles Artes de Granada y miembro de la Real Academia de San Fernando. También se comentan unas breves notas inéditas del mismo autor anónimo, fraile de aquel monasterio, sobre los autores del retablo.

Abstract The present work focuses on the study and edition of an anonymous description from the end of the 18th century of the structure and images of the main altarpiece of the monastery of San Jerónimo de Granada, one of the emblematic works of Andalusian sculpture during the Renaissance-Baroque period. The aforementioned document is related to the publication in 1800 of the Ceán Bermúdez Dictionary of Artists, since it was used as a source of information in this regard, at the request of the Granada-born painter Fernando Marín Chaves, director of the School of Noble Arts in Granada and member of the Royal Academy of San Fernando. Brief unpublished notes by the same anonymous author, a friar of said monastery, on the altarpieces creators, will also be commented.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the impact of vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) on arterial pump flow in a simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass circuit utilizing a centrifugal pump (CP) with an external arterial filter. Methods: The simulation circuit consisted of a Quadrox-I Pediatric oxygenator, a Rotaflow CP (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set primed with Lactated Ringer's solution and packed red blood cells. Venous line pressure, reservoir pressure, and arterial flow were measured with VAVD turned off to record baseline values. Four other conditions were tested with progressively higher vacuum pressures (-20, -40, -60, and -80 mmHg) applied to the baseline cardiotomy pressure. An arterial filter was placed into the circuit and arterial flow was measured with the purge line in both open and closed positions. These trials were repeated at set arterial flow rates of 1500, 2000, and 2500 mL/min. Results: The use of progressively higher vacuum caused a reduction in effective arterial flow from 1490±0.00 to 590±0.00, from 2020±0.01 to 1220±0.00, and from 2490±0.0 to 1830±0.01 mL/min. Effective forward flow decreased with increased levels of VAVD. Conclusion: The use of VAVD reduces arterial flow when a CP is used as the main arterial pump. The reduction in the forward arterial flow increases as the vacuum level increases. The loss of forward flow is further reduced when the arterial filter purge line is kept in the recommended open position. An independent flow probe is essential to monitor pump flow during cardiopulmonary bypass.

We investigated reducing sugars, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of 24 accessions of quinoa of the national collection of INIA Peru. The seeds showed total phenolic between 0,783 to 3,437 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids between 0,199 and 1,029 mg CE/g sample, betacyanins and betaxanthins in amounts not significant and reducing sugars between 30,973 and 88,278 mg of glucose equivalent/g sample. The antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS showed significant differences between different quinoa seeds studied

Se investigaron azúcares reductores, compuestos bioactivos y actividad antioxidante de 24 accesiones de quinua de la colección nacional del INIA Perú. Las semillas mostraron fenólicos totales entre 0,783 a 3,437 mg GAE/g, flavonoides totales entre 0,199 y 1,029 mg CE/g muestra, betacianinas y betaxantinas en cantidades no significativas, y azúcares reductores entre 30,973 y 88,278 equivalentes mg de glucosa/g muestra. La actividad antioxidante según DPPH y ABTS mostraron diferencias significativas entre las diferentes semillas de quinua estudiadas

Objective To analyze the effect of 12 weeks of physical activity on the morphology of the women enrolled in the Family Health Program in the city of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. During these weeks, different physical activity programs were applied. Methods A quasi-experimental study, in which 28 women were analyzed. All were volunteers, aged between 42 and 56 years and divided into groups: G1 (n=15, recreational activities) and G2 (n=13, dance activities). For data analysis, the Student t-test for independent samples was used with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The comparison of body composition variables showed no difference between the two groups. However, when the pre- and post-exercise moments are compared, it is seen that the two different physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. Conclusion The results indicate that the applied physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. On the other hand, we consider that the comparison between a physical exercise program and recreational physical activity program and their effects on the morphology of women could be good.

Objetivo Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de actividad física en la morfología de las mujeres inscritas en el programa de salud familiar de la ciudad de Patos, Paraíba - Brasil. Durante estas semanas se aplicaron diferentes programas de actividad física. Métodos Investigación cuasi experimental, en la cual fueron analizadas 28 mujeres, voluntarias, con edades entre 42 y 56 años, divididas en los grupos: G1 (n=15, actividades lúdicas) y G2 (n=13, actividad de danza). Para el análisis de datos se empleó la prueba t student para muestras independientes con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados La comparación de las variables de la composición corporal no mostró diferencia entre los grupos. Sin embargo, cuando se comparan los momentos pre y post, se observa que los dos programas de actividad física distintos producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Conclusión Los resultados obtenidos indican que los programas de actividad física aplicados producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Por otro lado, se considera que podría ser buena la comparación de un programa de ejercicio físico y de actividades físicas lúdicas y sus efectos en la morfología de mujeres.

Objetivo Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de actividad física en la morfología de las mujeres inscritas en el programa de salud familiar de la ciudad de Patos, Paraíba - Brasil. Durante estas semanas se aplicaron diferentes programas de actividad física. Métodos Investigación cuasi experimental, en la cual fueron analizadas 28 mujeres, voluntarias, con edades entre 42 y 56 años, divididas en los grupos: G1 (n=15, actividades lúdicas) y G2 (n=13, actividad de danza). Para el análisis de datos se empleó la prueba t student para muestras independientes con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados La comparación de las variables de la composición corporal no mostró diferencia entre los grupos. Sin embargo, cuando se comparan los momentos pre y post, se observa que los dos programas de actividad física distintos producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Conclusión Los resultados obtenidos indican que los programas de actividad física aplicados producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Por otro lado, se considera que podría ser buena la comparación de un programa de ejercicio físico y de actividades físicas lúdicas y sus efectos en la morfología de mujeres.

Objective To analyze the effect of 12 weeks of physical activity on the morphology of the women enrolled in the Family Health Program in the city of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. During these weeks, different physical activity programs were applied. Methods A quasi-experimental study, in which 28 women were analyzed. All were volunteers, aged between 42 and 56 years and divided into groups: G1 (n=15, recreational activities) and G2 (n=13, dance activities). For data analysis, the Student t-test for independent samples was used with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The comparison of body composition variables showed no difference between the two groups. However, when the pre- and post-exercise moments are compared, it is seen that the two different physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. Conclusion The results indicate that the applied physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. On the other hand, we consider that the comparison between a physical exercise program and recreational physical activity program and their effects on the morphology of women could be good.

Objetivo Desenvolver e validar uma equação de estimativa da composição corporal de homens idosos. Metodologia Correlacional com 85 homens com 69,5±5,8 anos residentes na Grande Vitória, divididos em dois grupos: regressão (n=54) para o desenvolvimento das equações, e validação (n=31). Foram mensurados perímetros (P), dobras cutâneas (DC) e diâmetros ósseos (DO) e o percentual de gordura (%G) determinado pela DXA (Dual X-Ray). As equações foram desenvolvidas por meio da regressão linear múltipla, com validação pelo método stepwise; a comparação das equações foi pelo teste t de Student pareado e a análise dos escores residuais pelo método de Blant e Altman. Resultados O grupo de regressão com 68,5±4,5 anos, massa corporal de 78,5±14,4 kg e 1,6±0,6m; % G de 30,4±6,8 %; o grupo de validação foi de 71,2±7,4 anos, 75,2±11 kg e 1,6±0,5 m e o %G foi 29,4±7,7 %. Foi encontrada a equação G%=23,371+0,337 (P abdomên)-1,464(P antebraço esquerdo)+0,501 (DC panturrilha)+0,175 (massa corporal)-0,741 (DO biacromial)-0,415 (DO bi-iliocristal)+0,374 (P coxa esquerda proximal) + 0,370 (P pescoço). A determinação da reta pelas variáveis foi significativa com o coeficiente de correlação obtido de r=0,8 e o coeficiente de determinação r2=0,8 indicaram que as variáveis dependentes conseguem explicar 87 % da estimativa; O EPE obtido foi igual a 2,6 %. Conclusão A equação resultante foi considerada adequada para a estimativa da gordura corporal de homens com idade superior a 60 anos, podendo ser uma alternativa para o cálculo dessa população.

Objectives This study aims to develop and validate a predictive body composition equation in elderly men. Methodology Correlational study using a sample of 85 men with 69.5±5,8 years from Vitoria, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: the regression group (n=54) was used to develop the predictive equation and a validation group (n=31). The following measurements: skinfolds (S), bone diameter (BD) and body circumferences (BC), body fat percent (%BF) measure by DXA. The predictive equations were developed using multiple linear regressions and validated through the stepwise method. Equations were compared using Student's T test for paired samples. Residual scores were analyzed using the Blant and Altman method. Results The regression group had 68.5±4,5 years, 78,5±14,4 kg; 1,6±0,6 m, and % BF 30.4±6,8. The validation group had 71.2±7.4 years, body weight 75.2±11 kg, height 1.6±0.5 m, and % BF 29.4±7.7. The resulting predictive equation is % body fat =23.371+0.337 (BC abdomen)-1.464 (BC left arm)+0.501 (S calf)+0.175 (body weight)-0.741 (BD acromial)-0.415 (BC biiliocristal)+0.374 (Cleft tight) + 0.370 (BC neck). The best-fit plot was significant due to the correlation coefficient r=0.8. The r2 was 0.8, meaning that the independent variables are able to explain 87 % of the estimate. The EPE was 2.6 %. Conclusion In light of the current results, the equation was considered adequate to estimate body composition in elderly men. The equation can be a simple and accurate alternative to estimate body fat in this population.

Objetivo Desarrollar y validar una ecuación de predicción de la composición corporal en los hombres mayores. Metodología De correlación con 85 hombres con 69,5± 5,8 años de la Gran Vitoria, divididos en dos grupos: la regresión (n = 54) para el desarrollo de las ecuaciones, y validación (n=31). Se midieron los perímetros (P), pliegues cutáneos (PC), diámetros del hueso (DH) y el porcentaje de grasa (%G) determinada por DXA (Dual X-Ray). Se utilizó regresión lineal múltiple con validación del método por pasos; la comparación de los modelos fue la prueba t pareada y el análisis de las puntuaciones residuales por el método de Blant y Altman. Resultados El grupo de regresión presentó 68,5±4,5 años, masa corporal 78,5±14,4 kg y 1,6±0,6 m; %G de 30,4±6,8; el grupo de validación tuvo 71,2±7,4 años, 75,2±11 kg y 1,6 ±0,5 m y %G fue 29,4±7,7. SE encontró la ecuación %G =23,371 + 0,337 (P abdomên)-1,464 (P antebrazo izquierdo)+0,501 (PC pierna)+0,175 (masa corporal)-0,741 (DH biacromial)-0,415 (DH bi-iliocristal)+0,374 (P muslo proximal izquierdo)+0,370 (P cuello). Fue significativo el coeficiente de correlación obtenido de r=0,8 y el coeficiente de determinación r2 = 0,8, indicando que las variables dependientes pueden explicar 87 % de la estimación; El EPE obtenido fue 2,6 %. Conclusión La ecuación resultante se consideró adecuada para estimar la porcentaje de grasa sobre la edad de 60 años y podría ser una alternativa para el cálculo de la población.

Objetivo Desarrollar y validar una ecuación de predicción de la composición corporal en los hombres mayores. Metodología De correlación con 85 hombres con 69,5± 5,8 años de la Gran Vitoria, divididos en dos grupos: la regresión (n = 54) para el desarrollo de las ecuaciones, y validación (n=31). Se midieron los perímetros (P), pliegues cutáneos (PC), diámetros del hueso (DH) y el porcentaje de grasa (%G) determinada por DXA (Dual X-Ray). Se utilizó regresión lineal múltiple con validación del método por pasos; la comparación de los modelos fue la prueba t pareada y el análisis de las puntuaciones residuales por el método de Blant y Altman. Resultados El grupo de regresión presentó 68,5±4,5 años, masa corporal 78,5±14,4 kg y 1,6±0,6 m; %G de 30,4±6,8; el grupo de validación tuvo 71,2±7,4 años, 75,2±11 kg y 1,6 ±0,5 m y %G fue 29,4±7,7. SE encontró la ecuación %G =23,371 + 0,337 (P abdomên)-1,464 (P antebrazo izquierdo)+0,501 (PC pierna)+0,175 (masa corporal)-0,741 (DH biacromial)-0,415 (DH bi-iliocristal)+0,374 (P muslo proximal izquierdo)+0,370 (P cuello). Fue significativo el coeficiente de correlación obtenido de r=0,8 y el coeficiente de determinación r2 = 0,8, indicando que las variables dependientes pueden explicar 87 % de la estimación; El EPE obtenido fue 2,6 %. Conclusión La ecuación resultante se consideró adecuada para estimar la porcentaje de grasa sobre la edad de 60 años y podría ser una alternativa para el cálculo de la población.

Objectives This study aims to develop and validate a predictive body composition equation in elderly men. Methodology Correlational study using a sample of 85 men with 69.5±5,8 years from Vitoria, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: the regression group (n=54) was used to develop the predictive equation and a validation group (n=31). The following measurements: skinfolds (S), bone diameter (BD) and body circumferences (BC), body fat percent (%BF) measure by DXA. The predictive equations were developed using multiple linear regressions and validated through the stepwise method. Equations were compared using Student's T test for paired samples. Residual scores were analyzed using the Blant and Altman method. Results The regression group had 68.5±4,5 years, 78,5±14,4 kg; 1,6±0,6 m, and % BF 30.4±6,8. The validation group had 71.2±7.4 years, body weight 75.2±11 kg, height 1.6±0.5 m, and % BF 29.4±7.7. The resulting predictive equation is % body fat =23.371+0.337 (BC abdomen)-1.464 (BC left arm)+0.501 (S calf)+0.175 (body weight)-0.741 (BD acromial)-0.415 (BC biiliocristal)+0.374 (Cleft tight) + 0.370 (BC neck). The best-fit plot was significant due to the correlation coefficient r=0.8. The r2 was 0.8, meaning that the independent variables are able to explain 87 % of the estimate. The EPE was 2.6 %. Conclusion In light of the current results, the equation was considered adequate to estimate body composition in elderly men. The equation can be a simple and accurate alternative to estimate body fat in this population.

Objetivo Desenvolver e validar uma equação de estimativa da composição corporal de homens idosos. Metodologia Correlacional com 85 homens com 69,5±5,8 anos residentes na Grande Vitória, divididos em dois grupos: regressão (n=54) para o desenvolvimento das equações, e validação (n=31). Foram mensurados perímetros (P), dobras cutâneas (DC) e diâmetros ósseos (DO) e o percentual de gordura (%G) determinado pela DXA (Dual X-Ray). As equações foram desenvolvidas por meio da regressão linear múltipla, com validação pelo método stepwise; a comparação das equações foi pelo teste t de Student pareado e a análise dos escores residuais pelo método de Blant e Altman. Resultados O grupo de regressão com 68,5±4,5 anos, massa corporal de 78,5±14,4 kg e 1,6±0,6m; % G de 30,4±6,8 %; o grupo de validação foi de 71,2±7,4 anos, 75,2±11 kg e 1,6±0,5 m e o %G foi 29,4±7,7 %. Foi encontrada a equação G%=23,371+0,337 (P abdomên)-1,464(P antebraço esquerdo)+0,501 (DC panturrilha)+0,175 (massa corporal)-0,741 (DO biacromial)-0,415 (DO bi-iliocristal)+0,374 (P coxa esquerda proximal) + 0,370 (P pescoço). A determinação da reta pelas variáveis foi significativa com o coeficiente de correlação obtido de r=0,8 e o coeficiente de determinação r2=0,8 indicaram que as variáveis dependentes conseguem explicar 87 % da estimativa; O EPE obtido foi igual a 2,6 %. Conclusão A equação resultante foi considerada adequada para a estimativa da gordura corporal de homens com idade superior a 60 anos, podendo ser uma alternativa para o cálculo dessa população.

Multivariate techniques have become a useful tool for studying the phenotypic diversity of Germplasm Bank accessions, since they make it possible to combine a variety of different information from these accessions. This study aimed to characterize the phenotypic dispersion of garlic (Allium sativum L.) using two multivariate techniques with different objective functions. Twenty accessions were morphologically characterized for bulb diameter, length, and weight; number of cloves per bulb; number of leaves per plant; and leaf area. Techniques based on generalized quadratic distance of Mahalanobis, UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) clustering, and nMDS (nonmetrric MultiDimensional Scaling) were applied and the relative importance of variables quantified. The two multivariate techniques were capable of identifying cultivars with different characteristics, mainly regarding their classification in subgroups of common garlic or noble garlic, according to the number of cloves per bulb. The representation of the phenotypic distance of cultivars by multidimensional scaling was slightly more effective than that with UPGMA clustering.

INTRODUÇÃO: A estimativa da composição corporal é um campo de estudo importante no prognóstico e diagnóstico de enfermidades degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Analisar a aplicabilidade do Índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) e o método de dobras cutâneas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 19 adultas jovens com média de idade 24,53 ± 2,65 anos, submetidas à avaliação antropométrica (circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e absorsiometria por dupla emissão de raio X (DXA). Os valores estimados foram comparados ao valor de referência por meio do teste t pareado e pela análise do nível de associação entre os métodos pela correlação de Pearson; o nível de significância foi p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não apontaram diferenças significativas entre o percentual de gordura estimado pelo IAC e os valores de referência, porém, tiveram nível de associação moderado (r = 0,627). No entanto, o método de dobras cutâneas apresentou diferença estatística significante (p > 0,05) com nível de associação forte (r = 0,879). CONCLUSÃO: Embora o IAC não apresente diferença para os valores estimados, fica evidente a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a aplicabilidade do método na população brasileira.

INTRODUCTION: The estimation of body composition is an important study field in the prognosis and diagnosis of degenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the applicability of the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and the skinfold thickness method. METHODS: The sample consisted of 19 young adult women with a mean age 24.53 ± 2.65 years, who underwent anthropometric measurements (circumferences and skinfold thickness) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The estimated values were compared to the reference value by using the paired t test and by analysis of the level of association between the methods through the Pearson correlation. The level of significance was p<0.05. RESULTS: Showed no significant differences between the fat percentage estimated by the BAI and the reference values, however had moderate level of association (r=0.627). Nevertheless, the skinfold thickness method showed statistically significant difference (p>0.05) with a strong association level (r = 0.879). CONCLUSION: Although the BAI does not show difference to the estimated values, it is clear that further studies on the applicability of the method in the Brazilian population are necessary.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La estimativa de la composición corporal es un campo de estudio importante en el pronóstico y diagnóstico de enfermedades degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Analizar la aplicabilidad del Índice de Adiposidad Corporal (IAC) y el método de pliegues cutáneos. MÉTODOS: La muestra fue constituida por 19 adultas jóvenes con promedio de edad de 24,53 ± 2,65 años, sometidas a evaluación antropométrica (circunferencias y pliegues cutáneos) y absorciometría por doble emisión de rayo X (DXA). Los valores estimados fueron comparados al valor de referencia por medio del test t pareado y por el análisis del nivel de asociación entre los métodos por la correlación de Pearson; el nivel de significancia fue de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: No apuntaron diferencias significativas entre el porcentual de grasa estimado por el IAC y los valores de referencia, no obstante, tuvieron nivel de asociación moderado (r = 0,627). Por otro lado, el método de pliegues cutáneos presentó diferencia estadística significativa (p > 0,05) con nivel de asociación fuerte (r = 0,879). CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque el IAC no presente diferencia para los valores estimados, queda evidente la necesidad de más estudios sobre la aplicabilidad del método en la población brasileña.

INTRODUÇÃO: A Taxa Metabólica Basal (TMB) é a quantidade de energia necessária para o corpo humano manter os processos fisiológicos normais e a homeostase. Atualmente, a TMB é calculada a partir de equações baseadas na população norte-americana e/ou europeia. OBJETIVO: Comparar as equações de Harris-Benedict, Food and Agriculture Organization e Institute of Medicine com a calorimetria indireta em indivíduos do sexo masculino residentes na cidade de Goiânia. MÉTODOS: A determinação da TMB foi feita pela análise direta de gases, utilizando o analisador VO2000. Foram avaliados 44 voluntários do sexo masculino, com média de idade 29,8 anos (Desvio padrão - DP = 6,21), estatura 1,79 m (DP = 0,06), peso 77,79 kg (DP = 8,49), IMC 24,30 kg/m2 (DP = 1,96), gordura corporal 15,84% (DP = 4,49), circunferência da cintura 80,48 cm (DP = 5,89). RESULTADOS: Foi observada diferença significante (p < 0,05) para os valores da TMB estimada pelas equações de Harris-Benedict (1.824,7, DP = 138,2 kcal/dia) e Food and Agriculture Organization (1.821,8, DP = 115,4 kcal/dia), quando comparado ao valor obtido pela calorimetria indireta (1.709,8, DP = 329,7 kcal/dia). Esse valor não foi significantemente diferente do obtido pela equação do Institute of Medicine (1.791, DP = 329 kcal/dia). CONCLUSÃO: As equações Harris-Benedict e Food and Agriculture Organization podem superestimar a TMB de homens jovens, sadios, com características semelhantes as do presente estudo. As equações do Institute of Medicine, por sua vez, resultam em valores estimados de TMB mais próximos aos mensurados.

INTRODUCTION: Baseline Energy Expenditure (BEE) is the amount of energy necessary to the human body to keep the normal physiological processes and homeostasis. Currently, the BEE is calculated from equations based on the North American and/or European population. OBJECTIVE: To compare the equations of Harris-Benedict, Food and Agriculture Organization and Institute of Medicine with the indirect calorimeter in men living in Goiânia. METHODS: Forty- four male volunteers, average age of 29.80, Standart Deviation - SD = 6.21 years, stature 1.79, SD = 0.06m, weight 77.79, SD = 8.49 kg, BMI 24.30, SD = 1.96 kg/m2, body fat 15.84, SD = 4.49%, waist circumference 80.48, SD = 5.89 cm, were evaluated. BEE was determined by direct gas analyses using the gas analyzer VO2000. RESULTS: There was significant difference (p < 0.05) for the BEE estimated by the Harris-Benedict (1824.66 ± 138.25 kcal/day) and Food and Agriculture Organization (1821.77, SD = 115.39 kcal/day) equations when compared to the BEE acquired by the indirect calorimeter (1709.81, SD = 329.75 kcal/day). The BEE estimated by the equation IOM/2005 (1791.81, SD = 329.74) did not present significant difference when compared to the measured BEE. CONCLUSION: The Food and Agriculture Organization and Harris-Benedict equations can overestimate the BEE of healthy young men with similar characteristics to those reported in this work.

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade é uma doença metabólica caracterizada por uma etiologia multifatorial que propicia o acúmulo de gordura levando a quadros de morbidade e mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar sobre a mecânica respiratória, a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida de 20 mulheres obesas sedentárias com idade média de 48,75 ± 13,71 e IMC de 34,54 ± 3,85 kg/m². MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As voluntárias foram entrevistadas usando o questionário SF-36 como instrumento para determinar qualidade de vida, seguido da mensuração da massa corporal, estatura, cirtometria tóraco-abdominal, volume minuto e corrente, capacidade vital lenta, pressão inspiratória e expiratória máxima. A comparação dos resultados pré e pós-programa de reabilitação pulmonar foi pelo teste t de Student pareado, observando-se um valor p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os resultados após o programa foram estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05) para o volume minuto de 11008,30 ± 5035,53 mL (p = 0,001), volume corrente de 758,70 ± 345,78 mL (p = 0,023), capacidade vital lenta com 2632,95 ± 852,25 mL (p = 0,001), pressão inspiratória máxima com - 69,75 ± 21,37 cmH2O (p = 0,045) e pressão expiratória máxima com 74,50 ± 28,23 cmH2O (p = 0,000) e na percepção da qualidade de vida em seu estado geral de saúde 76,5 ± 14,04 (p = 0,033), aspectos sociais 83,1 ± 18,71 (p = 0,031), aspectos emocionais 88,4 ± 19,52 (p = 0,042) e na saúde mental 83,4 ± 14,81 (p = 0,049). CONCLUSÃO: O programa de reabilitação pulmonar proposto promoveu efeitos positivos melhorando a mecânica respiratória e a qualidade de vida das mulheres obesas sedentárias.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a metabolic disease that is characterized by a multifactorial etiology, which induces fat accumulation, oftentimes leading to morbid conditions or even death. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to verify the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program over respiratory mechanics, functional capacity, and life quality of 20 sedentary obese women aging in average 48.75 ± 13.71 e IMC de 34.54 ± 3.85 kg/m². MATERIALS AND METHODS: The volunteers were submitted to an interview using the SF-36 questionnaire as a tool in order to determine the quality of life, take body mass measures, as well as stature, thoracic-abdominal cytometry, minute and volume tidal, slow vital capacity, and maximum and minimum inspiratory pressure. The comparison of results before and after the implementation of the pulmonary rehabilitation Program were tested by a paired Student's t-test, having been noted a p < 0.05 value. RESULTS: The results after the program were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for minute volume of 11008.30 ± 5035.53 mL (p = 0.001), volume tidal of 758.70 ± 345.78 mL (p = 0.023), slow vital capacity with 632.95 ± 852.25 mL (p = 0.001), maximum inspiratory pressures with -69.75 ± 21.37 cmH2O (p = 0.045) and maximum expiratory pressure with 74.50 ± 28.23 cmH2O (p = 0.000), and in the perception of life quality concerning the general health condition 76.5 ± 14.04 (p = 0.033), social aspects 83.1 ± 18.71 (p = 0.031), emotional aspects 88.4 ± 19.52 (p = 0.042), and in mental health 83.4 ± 14.81 (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: The pulmonary rehabilitation program here proposed managed to promote positive effects, improving respiratory mechanics and life quality of sedentary obese women.

Quercus species are prone to form hybrids very frequently in different parts of the world. The Quercus glabrescens x Q. rugosa hybrid was studied in terms of habitat (geographic distribution and species association) and of the Morphologic Hybridization Index. With the distribution of Q. glabrescens and Q. rugosa was obtained a bioclimatic model of minimum average temperature and winter rainfall per cent. At El Chico National Park, Hidalgo State, Mexico, eight lots were surveyed and in each of them was determined frequency, cover, basal area, stem volume and dominance index of the tree species. Ten morphologic characters were assessed in 50 examples (alleged hybrids). The bioclimatic model showed that Q. glabrescens has a greater preference for zones where low minimum average temperatures prevail and with winter rainfall per cent higher than Q. rugosa . A common zone with ecologic affinities was found Through Pearson correlation and the Principal Component Analysis, diverse habitats were detected with species association and hybrid category. Trees with a tendency for Q. glabrescens or in-between were found. The first showed ecologic affinities similar to Q. glabrescens and the second expressed flexibility. Evidence is reported about the natural hybridization between Q. glabrescens and Q. rugosa.

Las especies del género Quercus tienden a formar híbridos con alta frecuencia en diversas partes del mundo. Se estudió el híbrido Quercus glabrescens x Q. rugosa , en función del hábitat (distribución geográfica y asociación de especies) y del índice de hibridación morfológico. Con la distribución de Q. glabrescens y Q. rugosa se obtuvo un modelo bioclimático de temperatura mínima media y porcentaje de precipitación invernal. En el Parque Nacional El Chico, Hidalgo, México se levantaron ocho parcelas y se calculó la frecuencia, cobertura, área basal, volumen del fuste e índice de dominancia de las especies arbóreas. Se valoraron 10 caracteres morfológicos en 50 individuos (supuestamente híbridos). El modelo bioclimático mostró que Q. glabrescens tiene mayor preferencia por zonas con temperaturas mínimas medias menores y porcentaje de precipitación invernal más alto que Q. rugosa . Se identificó una zona común de afinidades ecológicas. A través del índice de correlación de Pearson y del Análisis de Componentes Principales se detectaron variantes de hábitat con la asociación de especies y categoría de híbrido. Se presentaron individuos con tendencia a Q. glabrescens e intermedios. Los primeros manifestaron afinidades ecológicas similares a Q. glabrescens y los segundos expresaron flexibilidad, sobre el particular. Se aporta evidencia de la hibridación natural entre Q. glabrescens y Q. rugosa .

Oaks (Quercus spp., Fagaceae) are the most important broad-leaved trees of Mexico temperate regions, due to their abundance. However, they have rarely been studied from the karyological point of view. Little information about the genus Quercus exists, which is based upon American and European species. In these studies, it is reported that 12 is the chromosome basic number and 24 the somatic chromosome number. The objective of this research project was to make a karyological analysis of Q. laurina for taxonomy purposes. Root tips were isolated from young seedlings, preserved in 30g/L paradichlorobenzene and fixed on 6:1:1 (v:v:v) Carnoy's solution. Carmin-acetic was used to stain. The squash technique with acetic acid was used. Chromosome study was determined for mitotic cells during metaphase. Q. laurina karyological study show a diploid species, a basic chromosome number of x = 12, a haploid complement of 37.2 μm, a centromeric index of 40.83 μm, and a intrachromosomal asymmetry index of 0.28 and a karyotype of 18 metacentric and six submetacentric chromosomes. Q. laurina karyomorphology is similar to other Quercus species.

Los encinos (Quercus spp., Fagaceae), en razón de su abundancia, son el grupo de latifoliadas más importante de las áreas templadas de México. A pesar de ello, han sido poco estudiadas desde el punto de vista cariológico. En este sentido, es escasa la información del género Quercus, que está basada en especies de Europa y Estados Unidos. En dichas investigaciones se reporta que el número básico cromosómico es 12 y el número cromosómico somático, 24. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis cariológico de Q. laurina para aplicarse en estudios taxonómicos. Se aislaron ápices radicales de plántulas recién emergidas, mismos que se conservaron en paradiclorobenceno (30g/L) y fijándose en solución Carnoy 6:1:1 (v:v:v). Se tiñó con acetocarmín. Se usó la técnica de aplastado con ácido acético. El análisis cromosómico se efectuó en un microscopio compuesto, observando las células mitóticas en metafase. Los resultados cariológicos de Q. laurina indican que es una especie diploide, con un número cromosómico básico x = 12, un complemento haploide de 37.2 μm, un índice centromérico de 40.83 μm y un índice de asimetría intracromosomal de 0.28 y un cariotipo de 18 cromosomas metacéntricos y seis submetacéntricos. La cariomorfología de Q. laurina es similar a la reportada para otras especies del género Quercus.